After many years (decades, centuries or millenniums) of crisis and wars over the Holy Land in the 4th of September 1986, the same day of the birth of Eusko Alkartasuna, the Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat accepted the United Nations Security Council resolution number 242. In that resolution, that was accused when it was born by the Palestinian people and leaders that it was a treason act against their legitimate right to all Palestine, included implicitly the recognition by the PLO of the State of Israel.
In 1987 the Intifada became a reality. And in 1988 in Laussane (Switzerland) the State of Palestine was declared formally. A few years later the International Community faced the end of the cold war. On those days of joy and happiness of the Fukuyama book about the end of History and Ideologies (according to the Thatcher’s TINA – There Is No Alternative), even the Palestinian conflict within Israel was thought as resolvable. After many conversations between the parts in conflict, including a apparently multilateral summit in Madrid in 1991 (bilateral, Arab nation – Israel), became a pact in Oslo (Norway) in 1993. Arafat and Rabin won the Nobel Prize. There was a truly and sincerely search for peace. But not at all, because three problems were still without being solved: Water (the majority of the water was on the side of the Israelis and the Golan Heights stand under the Israeli hands because the Tiberiades lake water), Refugees (the Arab nations have never accepted to treat them as a common refugees, those states needed to show the world Palestinian people in plastic made refugees camps in order to show the world the problem, even if it was a trouble to the population, and on the other side if all Palestinians came back to their homeland maybe there would be more Islamic than Jews in Israel) and Territorial Problems (Jerusalem status –East Jerusalem as proclaimed capital of Palestine State-, International borders of Palestinian Nation, Inter Palestinian corridor from Gaza to West Banks).
In 1995, even of those problems, somebody thought that it was a huge concession from Israel to Palestine. In 1994 Arafat arrived to Gaza from the exile in Tunisia (In 1982, with their intervention in the Lebanese civil war, the Israeli armed forces expulsed the PLO, that were expulsed before from Jordan in 1970). According with the Oslo agreements the Palestinian National Authority was born. Rabin, the peacemaker was killed in a peace act. Like Gandhi by one of his own community’s extremist. In 1996, against all the electoral polls, that assured the victory of Simon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu won the elections. Those two years were a bad period to the relations between the non born Palestine and Israel.
It must be said that the permanent status of the future Palestine was included in the Oslo agreements, so in the end of the decade would have been solved. But it was not. It was poster gated sine die. From on year to the other. In 1998 the symbols caught one special photo: the United States President, William Jefferson Clinton, traveled to Gaza stream without entering Israel. It was a powerful symbol of the back in the White House to the future of the Peace Process. Or that seemed to be. At the same time the US services were giving aid to the Palestinian new intelligence and police services. In the middle 90’s. But one day the US stopped the aid. The dis confidence that appeared, possibly after the attacks in Tanzania and Kenya US embassies, let the security systems in poor conditions and in search of other ways of getting resources.
In 1998 Ehud Barak was elected in Israel. The Presidential term in United States was close to finish, in 21st of January, 2001. It was a final trial in Camp David. President Clinton wanted to appear as the peacemaker in Northern Ireland and Palestine. And maybe he was close to get that. At the end of 2000 in Camp David almost all points were closed to the negotiation (East Jerusalem not capital of the new state and not returning of all the refugees to Palestine / Israel). Arafat assured that “If I go back with that they will kill me”. In November 2000 George walker Bush was designed President by the US Supreme Court. Parallel to those facts in Israel, the 25th of September 2000, and opposition leader went to the Al Aqsa esplanade. That day the second Intifada was born. And in 2001, on the next elections that Israeli opposition Leader became the Prime Minister: Ariel Sharon (2001 – 2006).
At the beginning of the mandate of the new PM of Israel, he insisted in the politic of repression. In 2002 he eliminated the infrastructures of the Palestinian Authority that were built by the EU budget, including the Gaza International Airport. Arafat was besieged in his own headquarters in Ramala. At the end the Israeli leader thought that the ongoing with the colonies in the Gaza stream was uneconomic because it were a small hundreds charging on their backs the defense with all the rest of Israel. So on 2005 became the withdrawn from Gaza Stream of the Israeli forces. In 2000 Barak’s cabinet subscribed the withdrawn from Lebanon occupied territories in 1982. Not at all, because of the Chebaah farms. In 2004, at the end of the year Arafat died in strange circumstances in a French military hospital, in Paris. The new President, Mahmoud Abbas was seen as an opportunity to Peace, with the PM Ahmed Qurea.
In 2006 there was elections in Palestine and Israel. Sharon entered in a coma in January, so was substituted by the deputy Prime Minister, Ehud Olmert, PM since March 2006.
In February 2006 the legislative elections caused a big and deep sensation of anxiety in the West. Even of the Israeli paid announcements in the Palestinian newspapers remarking the goals of the Al Fatah party’s government, the Islamic movement Hamas won the elections. Al Fatah had 410 000 votes and 440 000 Hamas. The strength of Hamas is the Gaza stream, and the Al Fatah center is the West Banks. Why it was made this? Because three factors. One is that if every day of your life you see your father weak and defeated once and twice and every time by someone, the Israelis, you do not feel that your parents are a powerful “rock” to aside your life bases and build an independent life. And if the life conditions around is in a refugee camp or in the Gaza stream, where more than a million people try to survive every day, at last you may search another thing: god. God can not be defeated, the Imam would say to you. Is bigger than Israelis, so religion can be one refugee to the soul on that circumstances. And, second reason, Hamas movement makes what the state does not, as many movements in Islamic world. Sometimes the state (the Palestinian Authority) does not attend the needs of all the population. And there are groups that appear and gives the most needed a social coverage. Hamas does. And that coverage brings votes, specially in the Gaza Stream.
At last it may be told that Arafat did not really searched strongly a state, a party land instead. He managed what he had to favor Al Fatah, with the complicity of the West nations. Corruption entered to be a part in his administration. So many people abandoned Al Fatah because the management of the state business. As an example it is said that in the wall that the Israelis started to build, the materials were bought by Palestine members in Egypt, entered Palestine and were sold to Israelis to build the wall.
So, since February 2006 there is a Hamas cabinet in Palestinian National Authority. Because of that, because of Hamas is included in the terrorist list of EU and US (they have an armed branch, like Al Fatah), the money to Palestine from the West was blocked on the border or was retired. In 2006, in summer, a new offensive against Gaza was made from the Olmert cabinet. At this moment, at the end of 2006, there may be a ceasefire between Israel and Palestinian groups. There have been an initiative to get a National Palestinian cabinet, but no luck until this moment. One of the risk is the Palestinian Civil War between Al Fatah (President Abbas) and Hamas (Prime Minister Haniyah), that could bring to Israel a moment of a quite tranquility. It is requested to Hamas the recognition of Israel. Maybe accepting the UN SC 242 resolution would be enough. All the situation must be re thought with the problems in: Lebanon (Israeli intervention, the UN mission and the probably Civil War), Syria and Iran (supporting the “chi is” armed groups, Hamas in Palestine and the Nasrallah armed force).
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